Furthermore, there are two planned nuclear power plants in Turkey named Akkuyu and Sinop Nuclear Power Plant, Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant is under construction now. We may say that this disaster has opened the mind of Turkish researchers, communities and authorities by means of hazards of radiation. After the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 triggered many investigations on radiation levels in various environments of Turkey because Turkey is a possible candidate (in particular northern part of Turkey) for to be eecting from the accident geographically. The studying of environmental radiation levels in Turkey goes back to three decadesīefore it was not more. Continued studies on the radiation levels in various environments either from natural radiation sources or releasing radionuclides into the environment by human activities can contribute to our knowledge about radiation risk and dangers of radiation. Because of this reason many studies and projects have been devoted for determining and monitoring of radiation levels in various environments. Naturally occurring radioactivity is of immediate and crucial concern to the people and authorities responsible for environmental protection. On the other hand, human activities such as burning of coal to provide electrical energy and application of artificial fertilizers containing phosphates to increase agricultural production causes the enrichment of natural radioactivity concentrations Generally, the concentrations of natural radionuclide activity observed in soils reflect the natural background concentrations of the rocks from which they are derived. 87Rb and 235U are second-rate primordial radionuclides, to be neglected by their contribution to the human dose. The most important primordial radionuclides in terms of radiological risk for humans are 40K, 238U, 232Th and their decay products of both natural radioactive series. Terrestrial radiation sources originate from primordial radionuclides in the earth's crust that have existed since the beginning of the world. Natural radiation sources can have cosmic or terrestrial origin. In principle, the source of environmental radioactivity can be classified into two groups named natural and manmade. ©2022 The Authors Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.Radioactivity can be found at different levels in various environments such as soil, rock, An alpha particle emitting radiopharmaceutical may be effective against microscopic disseminated disease, warranting clinical development. MABG has significant survival advantage in disseminated models of neuroblastoma. Survival was significantly prolonged for mice treated with 12.9 MBq/kg/fraction (0.35 mCi/kg) × 4 doses over 11 days MABG in the disseminated disease (IMR-05NET/GFP/LUC) model (P = 0.003) suggesting eradication of microscopic disease. Both 66.7 MBq/kg (1.8 mCi/kg) single dose and fractionated dosing 16.6 MBq/kg/fraction (0.45 mCi/kg) × 4 over 11 days induced marked tumor regression in two of the three models studied. Long-term toxicity studies on mice administered with doses up to 41.5 MBq/kg (1.12 mCi/kg) showed the radiotherapeutic to be well tolerated. Biodistribution of MABG was similar to MIBG. The MTD of MABG was 66.7 MBq/kg (1.8 mCi/kg) in CB17SC scid-/- mice and 51.8 MBq/kg (1.4 mCi/kg) in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice.
Finally, we explored the efficacy of MABG after tail vein xenografting designed to model disseminated neuroblastoma. We compared the antitumor efficacy of MABG with MIBG in three murine xenograft models. We defined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistribution, and toxicity of MABG in immunodeficient mice in comparison with MIBG. Here we investigated the safety and antitumor activity MABG in preclinical models of neuroblastoma. meta-astatobenzylguanidine ( MABG) is an alpha particle emitter with higher biological effectiveness and short path length which effectively sterilizes microscopic residual disease. However, relapses in the bone marrow are common. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a targeted radiotherapeutic administered systemically to deliver beta particle radiation in neuroblastoma.
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